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Charles Grant, the director of the Centre for European Reform, a research institute, said Mr Starmer knew that after years of tension over Brexit, an incoming Labour government’s credibility with the European Union could be quite low.

The plan is unlikely to have a big effect, said Camino Mortera-Martinez of the Centre for European Reform. “When it comes to substantive points and content of things that the Commission can do — or the European Union even can do — about this problem, there is absolutely nothing new. We see von der Leyen’s 10-point plan that she offered Italy, and we see the same things that we've been seeing for the past 10 years,” Mortera-Martinez told VOA.

A paper co-authored by Sander Tordoir, economist at the Centre for European Reform, set out earlier this year why Germany needs a new growth model — including more infrastructure spending, higher wages and filling digitalization gaps. 

According to one estimate from the Centre for European Reform, the British economy is more than 5% smaller than it would have been if Brexit hadn’t happened. 

There are also geopolitical reasons for Italy rethinking its membership in China's BRI, said Luigi Scazzieri, a senior research fellow at the Centre for European Reform."There's come to be a certain diplomatic stigma attached to it, partly because the whole of the West is rethinking its relationship with China," Scazzieri told VOA.

Officials must combine a monetary-policy justification with adherence to the eu’s fiscal rules and the need for sustainable debt. As such, “ECB lawyers have to be among the most innovative in the world,” says Sander Tordoir of the Centre for European Reform, a think-tank.

«Son principal atout est son engagement en faveur des principes du marché libre, qui l’a parfois amenée à s’opposer à des intérêts particuliers. Elle a également réussi à convaincre de nombreuses personnes que la Direction générale de la concurrence n’avait pas pour seul objectif d’attaquer les entreprises américaines, mais qu’elle appliquerait la politique de concurrence sans crainte ni faveur, y compris lorsque des entreprises européennes sont visées», analyse Zach Meyers, chercheur en politique de la concurrence au Centre for European Reform.

John Springford, deputy director of the Centre for European Reform, was quick out of the blocks to reveal that on his “doppelganger” calculations, the UK economy was still 5 per cent smaller than it would have been by the second quarter of 2022, compared with 5.5 per cent on his previous calculation.

This could also erode the future will of ‘frugal’ countries to pool resources or issue EU debt, said economist Sander Tordoir from the Centre for European Reform, who prompted the European Commission to be more open about the RRF pitfalls.“The Commission and member-states have neglected to build genuine consensus beforehand on what would constitute big-picture political success for the RRF,” he told EURACTIV, warning of a backlash.